Biology STAAR (State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness) Practice Test

Which term refers to an organism that has a crucial role in breaking down organic material?

1. Herbivore

2. Omnivore

3. Carnivore

4. Decomposer

The correct answer is: Decomposer

The term that refers to an organism with a crucial role in breaking down organic material is "decomposer." Decomposers, such as fungi and bacteria, play an essential part in ecosystems by breaking down dead plants and animals, as well as organic waste. This process recycles nutrients back into the soil, making them available for plants, which is vital for the health of the ecosystem. By decomposing organic materials, these organisms contribute to nutrient cycling and energy flow. In contrast, herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores are all types of consumers that primarily obtain their energy by eating living organisms. Herbivores eat plants, omnivores consume both plant and animal matter, while carnivores primarily feed on other animals. While these groups are essential to food webs, their roles are different from those of decomposers, who specifically focus on breaking down organic material and returning nutrients to the environment.