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Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing four genetically diverse cells, typically seen in the formation of gametes—sperm and eggs in animals and pollen and ovules in plants. It is crucial for sexual reproduction, allowing for genetic variation through recombination and independent assortment of chromosomes.

In contrast, somatic cells, which comprise the majority of an organism's body (such as skin, muscle, and nerve cells), undergo mitosis for growth and cell repair, maintaining the same chromosome number as the parent cell. Stem cells can differentiate into various cell types, but they do not inherently undergo meiosis as their primary function.

Understanding the role of meiosis in producing gametes is essential, as it ensures the next generation receives a unique combination of genetic material, which significantly contributes to the biodiversity within populations.